The Scope and Purpose of a Home Inspection
Purchasing property involves risk
The purpose of a home inspection is to help reduce the risk associated with the purchase of a structure by providing a professional opinion about the overall condition of the structure. A home inspection is a limited visual inspection and it cannot eliminate this risk. Some homes present more risks than others. We cannot control this, but we try to help educate you about what we don’t know during the inspection process. This is more difficult to convey in a report and one of many reasons why we recommend that you attend the inspection.
A home inspection is not an insurance policy
This report does not substitute for or serve as a warranty or guarantee of any kind. Home warranties can be purchased separately from insuring firms that provide this service.
A home inspection is visual and not destructive
The descriptions and observations in this report are based on a visual inspection of the structure. We inspect the aspects of the structure that can be viewed without dismantling, damaging or disfiguring the structure and without moving furniture and interior furnishings. Areas that are concealed, hidden or inaccessible to view are not covered by this inspection. Some systems cannot be tested during this inspection as testing risks damaging the building. For example, overflow drains on bathtubs are generally not tested because if they were found to be leaking they could damage the finishes below. Our procedures involve non-invasive investigation and non-destructive testing which will limit the scope of the inspection.
This is not an inspection for code compliance
This inspection and report are not intended for city / local code compliance. During the construction process structures are inspected for code compliance by municipal inspectors. Framing is open at this time and conditions can be fully viewed. Framing is not open during inspections of finished homes, and this limits the inspection. All houses fall out of code compliance shortly after they are built, as the codes continually change. National codes are augmented at least every three years for all of the varying disciplines. Municipalities can choose to adopt and phase in sections of the codes on their own timetables. There are generally no requirements to bring older homes into compliance unless substantial renovation is being done.
This is just our opinion
Construction techniques and standards vary. There is no one way to build a house or install a system in a house. The observations in this report are the opinions of the home inspector. Other inspectors and contractors are likely to have some differing opinions. You are welcome to seek opinions from other professionals.
The scope of this inspection
This inspection will include the following systems: exterior, roof, structure, drainage, foundation, attic, interior, plumbing, electrical and heating. The evaluation will be based on limited observations that are primarily visual and non-invasive. This inspection and report are not intended to be technically exhaustive.For more about the scope of a home inspection see: ASHI National Standards at http://www.homeinspector.org/Standards-of-Practice or Washington State Home Inspection Standards at http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=18.280.030
Your expectations
The overall goal of a home inspection is to help ensure that your expectations are appropriate with the house you are proposing to buy. To this end we assist with discovery by showing and documenting observations during the home inspection. This should not be mistaken for a technically exhaustive inspection designed to uncover every defect with a building. Such inspections are available but they are generally cost-prohibitive to most homebuyers.
Your participation is requested
Your presence is requested during this inspection. A written report will not substitute for all the possible information that can be conveyed verbally by a shared visual observation of the conditions of the property.
How to Read This Report
Getting the Information to You
This report is designed to deliver important and technical information in a way that is easy for anyone to access and understand. If you are in a hurry, you can take a quick look at our "Summary Page” and quickly get critical information for important decision making. However, we strongly recommend that you take the time to read the full Report, which includes digital photographs, captions, diagrams, videos and hot links to additional information.
The best way to get the layers of information that are presented in this report is to read your report online. This will allow all you to expand your learning about your house. You will notice some words or series of words highlighted in blue and underlined – clicking on these will provide you with a link to additional information.
This report can also be printed on paper or to a PDF document.
Chapters and Sections
This report is divided into chapters that parcel the home into logical inspection components. Each chapter is broken into sections that relate to a specific system or component of the home. You can navigate between chapters with the click of a button on the left side margin.
Most sections will contain some descriptive information done in black font. Observation narrative, done in colored boxes, will be included if a system or component is found to be significantly deficient in some way or if we wish to provide helpful additional information about the system or the scope of our inspection. If a system or component of the home was deemed to be in satisfactory or serviceable condition, there may be no narrative observation comments in that section.
Observation Labels
All narrative observations are colored, numbered and labeled to help you find, refer to, and understand the severity of the observation. Observation colors and labels used in this report are:
- Major Concern:Repair items that may cost significant money to correct now or in the near future, or items that require immediate attention to prevent additional damage or eliminate safety hazards.
- Repair:Repair and maintenance items noted during inspection. Please note that some repair items can be expensive to correct such as re-finishing hardwood floors, but are considered simply repair items due to their cosmetic nature.
- Improve:Observations that are not necessarily defects, but which could be improved for safety, efficiency, or reliability reasons.
- Monitor:Items that should be watched to see if correction may be needed in the future.
- Due Diligence:Observation such as a buried oil tank that may require further investigation to determine the severity and / or urgency of repair.
- Future Project:A repair that may be deferred for some time but should be on the radar for repair or replacement in the near future.
- Efficiency:Denotes observations that are needed to make the home more energy efficient as well as to bring the home up to modern insulation standards. This category typically includes windows and insulation. Other items, such as lighting and appliances, are not inspected for their energy status.
- Completed:Items that were initially an issue but have since been completed.
- Note:Refers to aside information and /or any comments elaborating on descriptions of systems in the home or limitations to the home inspection.
Summary Page
The Summary Page is designed as a bulleted overview of all the observations noted during inspection. This helpful overview is not a substitution for reading the entire inspection report. The entire report must be read to get a complete understanding of this inspection report as the Summary Page does not include photographs or photo captions.
Summary
Major Concerns
- (SB-1) Structure and Basement:
Evidence of significant settlement was noted in the building today. I recommend additional inspection of this structure by a qualified general contractor or structural engineer to determine the cost and urgency of repairs to prevent on-going settlement. The hope on older buildings is that poorly compacted soils below the foundation are now compacted by the weight of the building and no additional movement will occur. Red flags noted during the inspection were the following;
- Garage door not square
- Foundation crack on north side at garage/ house jucture
- Sloping stairway
- Windows not square on north side dining room
- Garage slab crack in the pattern of slope
- Garage/ house juncture patch re-opening on garage interior
- 45 degree cracks at window frame north side
- (FSD-1) Fuel Storage and Distribution:
Evidence was found that there may have been a second heating oil tank on this property at one time. Given the age of the home, a tank could have been buried below ground originally. Be sure to obtain decommissioning statements from the seller or evidence that the tanks have been removed. If no such records exist, hire a tank locator service to further evaluate the property prior to closing as there is a risk of a hidden pollution liability if the tanks have not been properly removed or decommissioned. More information on buried oil tanks can be found at PLIA 800-822-3905 or http://www.plia.wa.gov/heating/insurance.htm .
Repairs
- (PWDO-2) Pests and Wood Destroying Organisms:
Multiple entry points were found on the exterior. These entry points need to be sealed to prevent rodent intrusion.
- (E-2) Electrical:
Missing knockout bushings and yellow romex indicating some DIY circuits.
- (E-3) Electrical:
The dead front cover is missing many of the screws needed to adequately secure the cover. Install missing screws as needed for improved safety and please note that screws with sharp ends are not recommended.
- (E-4) Electrical:
The use of GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interruption) protection is inconsistent with modern minimum standards for safety. GFCI protection is recommended for the electrical receptacles in the following locations: all kitchen countertops, bathrooms, exterior, garage, unfinished basement, laundry and all wet and damp locations. GFCI's protect against electrocution by limiting the duration of an electrical shock. These are an important modern safety feature. Hire a licensed electrician to further evaluate and update this home's system for improved safety.
- (FSD-2) Fuel Storage and Distribution:
Poorly secured above ground oil tank located under porch. Have this external tank secured properly before next filling. It was quite wobbly when I tested it today.
- (HCF-2) Heating, Cooling and Fireplaces:
Annual servicing is recommended for safe and reliable heat. Records indicate that this furnace has not been serviced in the last year. The furnace was tested during inspection and was operational. Hire a licensed heating contractor to service and further evaluate the furnaces to insure reliable performance.
- (P-1) Plumbing:
Unable to determine water pressure due to excessive leak at hose bib. Repair or replace this valve on the south side.
- (P-2) Plumbing:
Install listed seismic straps to restrain the water heater in the event of an earthquake; none were noted during inspection. Two straps should be located on the water heater: one on upper 1/3rd of tank and one at the lower 1/3rd.
- (B-1) Bathroom(s):
The bathtub / shower drain is slow and appears to be obstructed. Hire a plumber to further evaluate this drain line and repair for adequate drainage. See upstairs bath.
- (K-1) Kitchen:
A slow drain was noted in the kitchen sink. Hire a qualified plumber to further evaluate and correct the slow drain as needed.
- (I-2) Interior:
The ends of the hand rail should return into the wall to prevent clothing or accessories from catching on the end of the railing and creating a trip hazard.
- (RA-1) Roof/Attic:
The roofing material on this home is done in a three tab shingle that is close to the end of its useful service life. These are often rated as 20-25 year shingles. In practice, as an assembly, I find these last closer to 15 years depending on the steepness of the roof and the amount of exposure. In addition to overall age, multiple red flags were noted regarding installation techniques which indicate potential for unreliable performance. I recommend additional inspection by a licensed roofing contractor to further evaluate this roof and repair or replace as recommended. If this roof is kept in service funds should be reserved to replace it in the near term.
- (RA-2) Roof/Attic:
A roof leak was noted in the garage. The garage is a flat roof design and sealed with a plastic membrane. I noted pooling water on the roof during inspection indicating poor slope. This was above the area leaking. Have this area sealed by a licensed roofing contractor.
- (RA-3) Roof/Attic:
The gutters and downspouts are old and appear to be holding water in places and falling off the house in places. I also noted evidence of some localized leakage. While repair is possible in the short term replacement with seamless aluminum gutters is recommended after the next re-roofing as these gutters are close to the end of their useful service lives.
- Missing end cap
- Organic debris on garage roof
- Pooling from lack of slope and organic debris
- Cracked and improperly routed
- Gutter taped at garage
- Granular roof debris
- (RA-4) Roof/Attic:
Insure all downspout terminations are run away from the house a minimum of 5 feet to expel moisture away from the foundation.
- (EG-1) Exterior/Garage:
Localized wood rot was noted in the garage trim. Implement localized rot repairs as needed and insure gutters remain free from obstructions and are draining correctly to prevent on-going water problems.
- (EG-2) Exterior/Garage:
Painted over rot on window frame south side. Repair as needed.
Notes
- (PWDO-1) Pests and Wood Destroying Organisms:
Rodent droppings noted above water heater. This was the only area I saw any signs of activity.
- (E-1) Electrical:
Overall a clean looking panel
- (FSD-3) Fuel Storage and Distribution:
28" of oil in tank at time of inspection.
- (HCF-1) Heating, Cooling and Fireplaces:
This house is heated with an older oil furnace. These furnaces were not made with the same materials as modern furnaces. As such, they are less energy efficient but have generally longer service lives. Due to the age of the furnace, funds should be reserved to replace it at any time. Also due to age, you should expect a higher potential for mechanical breakdown and repair as long as this unit stays in service. The furnace was tested at the time of inspection and was operating. Plan on doing annual servicing for safe and reliable heat for the remainder of this furnace's service life and reserve funds to repair or replace this furnace at any time. Please note that there are some safety issues with keeping such an old furnace in service as there are risks of carbon monoxide poisoning from a cracked heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is not visible to inspection so I cannot see its condition. If this unit is kept in service I recommend installing at least one CO alarm in the house.
- (HCF-3) Heating, Cooling and Fireplaces:
No heat register noted in upstairs bath. Two Inoperable vents noted in upstairs bedrooms. Heat was supplied through one of the two operable vents present in those bedrooms.
- (K-2) Kitchen:
Basement range was not tested as elements were missing.
- (I-1) Interior:
Ceiling patch noted in dining room. No moisture detected at time of inspection.
- (I-3) Interior:
Not able to open door on north side basement. Key not provided.
General Comments
Building Characteristics / Conditions
Style of Home Traditional
Type of Building Single Family (2-story)
Approximate Square Footage 2300
Approximate Year of Original Construction 1922
Attending the Inspection Buyer and Buyer's Agent
Occupancy Unoccupied, but staged with furniture
Animals Present No
Weather during the inspection Cloudy, Light Rain
Ground/Soil surface conditions Wet
Structure and Basement
Foundation
% of Foundation Not Visible 70%
Evidence of Seismic Protection Not visible
Building Configuration Basement
Foundation Description Poured concrete
Evidence of significant settlement was noted in the building today. I recommend additional inspection of this structure by a qualified general contractor or structural engineer to determine the cost and urgency of repairs to prevent on-going settlement. The hope on older buildings is that poorly compacted soils below the foundation are now compacted by the weight of the building and no additional movement will occur. Red flags noted during the inspection were the following;
- Garage door not square
- Foundation crack on north side at garage/ house jucture
- Sloping stairway
- Windows not square on north side dining room
- Garage slab crack in the pattern of slope
- Garage/ house juncture patch re-opening on garage interior
- 45 degree cracks at window frame north side
Floor, Wall and Ceiling Framing
Wall Framing Not visible
Wall Insulation Not visible
Wall Sheathing Not visible
Floor Framing Not visible
Sub-Floor Material Not visible
Ceiling Framing 2x6
Basement
Full
Basement Moisture
None noted
Pests and Wood Destroying Organisms
Pests and Rodents
Present
Rodent droppings noted above water heater. This was the only area I saw any signs of activity.
Multiple entry points were found on the exterior. These entry points need to be sealed to prevent rodent intrusion.
Wood Destroying Organisms
Visible Evidence of Active Wood Destroying Insects None noted
Visible Evidence of Inactive Wood Destroying Insects None noted
Visible Evidence of Active Wood Decay and Fungi Present
Visible Evidence of Damage from Wood Destroying Organisms None noted
Visible Evidence of Conditions Conducive to Wood Destroying Organisms Present
Electrical
Service Equipment
Volts 120/240
Meter Base Amperage 200
The dead front cover is missing many of the screws needed to adequately secure the cover. Install missing screws as needed for improved safety and please note that screws with sharp ends are not recommended.
Branch Wiring
Wire Material Copper
Wiring Method Non-metallic sheathed cable
Receptacles and Fixtures
Inspection Method Random Testing
Outlets Three wire outlets
The use of GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interruption) protection is inconsistent with modern minimum standards for safety. GFCI protection is recommended for the electrical receptacles in the following locations: all kitchen countertops, bathrooms, exterior, garage, unfinished basement, laundry and all wet and damp locations. GFCI's protect against electrocution by limiting the duration of an electrical shock. These are an important modern safety feature. Hire a licensed electrician to further evaluate and update this home's system for improved safety.
Fuel Storage and Distribution
Oil Storage
Storage Type Above ground tank, Below ground tank
Oil Tank Location Under porch east side
Evidence was found that there may have been a second heating oil tank on this property at one time. Given the age of the home, a tank could have been buried below ground originally. Be sure to obtain decommissioning statements from the seller or evidence that the tanks have been removed. If no such records exist, hire a tank locator service to further evaluate the property prior to closing as there is a risk of a hidden pollution liability if the tanks have not been properly removed or decommissioned. More information on buried oil tanks can be found at PLIA 800-822-3905 or http://www.plia.wa.gov/heating/insurance.htm .
Poorly secured above ground oil tank located under porch. Have this external tank secured properly before next filling. It was quite wobbly when I tested it today.
Propane Storage
None noted
Gas Meter
None noted
Heating, Cooling and Fireplaces
Heating System
Energy Source Oil
Heating Method Forced air furnace
Manufacturer Beckett
Age 1996
Last Service Record 1999
Filtration System Disposable
This house is heated with an older oil furnace. These furnaces were not made with the same materials as modern furnaces. As such, they are less energy efficient but have generally longer service lives. Due to the age of the furnace, funds should be reserved to replace it at any time. Also due to age, you should expect a higher potential for mechanical breakdown and repair as long as this unit stays in service. The furnace was tested at the time of inspection and was operating. Plan on doing annual servicing for safe and reliable heat for the remainder of this furnace's service life and reserve funds to repair or replace this furnace at any time. Please note that there are some safety issues with keeping such an old furnace in service as there are risks of carbon monoxide poisoning from a cracked heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is not visible to inspection so I cannot see its condition. If this unit is kept in service I recommend installing at least one CO alarm in the house.
Annual servicing is recommended for safe and reliable heat. Records indicate that this furnace has not been serviced in the last year. The furnace was tested during inspection and was operational. Hire a licensed heating contractor to service and further evaluate the furnaces to insure reliable performance.
Cooling Systems / Heat Pumps
None Noted
Heating / Cooling Distribution Systems
Heat Source in Each Room Incomplete
Distribution Method Ductwork
No heat register noted in upstairs bath. Two Inoperable vents noted in upstairs bedrooms. Heat was supplied through one of the two operable vents present in those bedrooms.
Additional Heat Sources
None noted
Plumbing
Water Service Supply
Pipe Material Plastic, Copper
Well or Public Supply Public
Water Pressure undetermined
Pressure Reducing Valve None noted
Main Water Shut-off Location Not found
Unable to determine water pressure due to excessive leak at hose bib. Repair or replace this valve on the south side.
Distribution Pipe
Supply Pipe Materials Copper, PEX
Functional Flow Average
Waste Pipe and Discharge
Discharge Type Public sewer
Waste and Vent Pipe Materials ABS plastic
Water Heater
System Type Tank
Manufacturer Whirlpool
Water Temperature 107
Size 80 gal
Age 1999
Energy Source Electricity
Temperature Pressure Relief Value Present - Not Tested
Install listed seismic straps to restrain the water heater in the event of an earthquake; none were noted during inspection. Two straps should be located on the water heater: one on upper 1/3rd of tank and one at the lower 1/3rd.
Bathroom(s)
Sinks and Cabinets
Tested
Toilet
Tested
Bathtub / Shower
The bathtub / shower drain is slow and appears to be obstructed. Hire a plumber to further evaluate this drain line and repair for adequate drainage. See upstairs bath.
Bathroom Ventilation
Type Bath fan
Kitchen
Sinks and Faucets
Tested
A slow drain was noted in the kitchen sink. Hire a qualified plumber to further evaluate and correct the slow drain as needed.
Cabinets and Countertops
Countertop Material Granite
Cabinet Material Wood
Ventilation Method
Fan ducted to exterior, upstairs only
Appliances
Refrigerator Operating
Dishwasher Operated
Dishwasher Air Gap None noted
Range/ Oven /Cook-tops Electric
Disposer None noted
Interior
Floors
Floor Materials Hardwood, Softwood, Plastic laminate, Tile
Floor Settlement Moderate
Walls, Ceilings and Closets
Wall and Ceiling Materials Drywall
Stairs and Railings
Non-standard
The ends of the hand rail should return into the wall to prevent clothing or accessories from catching on the end of the railing and creating a trip hazard.
Interior Doors
Roof/Attic
Roof Materials
Method of Roof Inspection Walked on roof
Roof Style Gable
Roof Materials Three-tab composition shingle
Approximate Age of Roof 25
The roofing material on this home is done in a three tab shingle that is close to the end of its useful service life. These are often rated as 20-25 year shingles. In practice, as an assembly, I find these last closer to 15 years depending on the steepness of the roof and the amount of exposure. In addition to overall age, multiple red flags were noted regarding installation techniques which indicate potential for unreliable performance. I recommend additional inspection by a licensed roofing contractor to further evaluate this roof and repair or replace as recommended. If this roof is kept in service funds should be reserved to replace it in the near term.
A roof leak was noted in the garage. The garage is a flat roof design and sealed with a plastic membrane. I noted pooling water on the roof during inspection indicating poor slope. This was above the area leaking. Have this area sealed by a licensed roofing contractor.
Gutters and Downspouts
The gutters and downspouts are old and appear to be holding water in places and falling off the house in places. I also noted evidence of some localized leakage. While repair is possible in the short term replacement with seamless aluminum gutters is recommended after the next re-roofing as these gutters are close to the end of their useful service lives.
- Missing end cap
- Organic debris on garage roof
- Pooling from lack of slope and organic debris
- Cracked and improperly routed
- Gutter taped at garage
- Granular roof debris
Exterior/Garage
Siding and Trim
Trim Material Fiber cement
Siding Material Fiber-cement, Wood
Localized wood rot was noted in the garage trim. Implement localized rot repairs as needed and insure gutters remain free from obstructions and are draining correctly to prevent on-going water problems.
Eaves
Tongue and groove
Exterior Doors
Solid core
Exterior Window Frames
Vinyl, Metal, Wood
Grounds
Drainage and Lot Location
Clearance to Grade Standard
Downspout Discharge Above and below grade
Lot Description Moderate slope
Driveways/Walkways/Flatwork
Driveway Concrete
Walkways Concrete
Patios Concrete
Grounds, Trees and Vegetation
Trees/Vegetation too near building No
Invoice -- Single Family Inspection
Home/ pest inspection | $0.00 |
$0.00 |
Fox Den Inspection, LLC
C/O Greg C. Curran
6041 5th Ave NW
Seattle, WA 98107
(240) 447-5555